Fair and Equitable Compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reasonable and Equitable Compensation - Essay Example â€Å"Fair and Equitable Treatment† is a standard begun from the 1948 Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization. It given that remote ventures ought to be given just and evenhanded treatment through the advancement of two-sided or multilateral concessions to specific measures and in the treatment for an endeavor, ability, capital, expressions and innovation originating from a part nation to another (Yannaca-Small, C., n.d). Today, the meaning of the treatment isn't as a long way from its incitement when applied to the standard in the work environment. Basically, it is a standard that ensures each foundation ought to encourage an equivalent dissemination of abilities, expressions, innovation with respect to the need of a worker to have the option to carry out a responsibility well. Likewise, it decides the privilege of each organization to decide just terms of affirmation and responsibility for or remuneration for each worker. An individual thought of reasonable an d evenhanded pay could be found in two points of view the employer’s and the employee’s. A piece of its arrangements for workers is award them at any rate a lowest pay permitted by law which is set by a state’s government. This relies upon the sort and level of employment one is recruited to do. Likewise, it qualifies a worker for get an opportunity to progress in their picked position through employment assessment done by one’s direct chief, to know whether they are performing under or over the desires for a specific set of working responsibilities. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) additionally sets the measures for an employee’s advantage of getting an extra time pay. The main exception to this would be an adjusted employee’s pay level dependent on the idea of work done that ought to be expressed in the agreement marked by the representative (Compensation and Benefits Policy, n.d.). This holds full-time representatives ought to get addi tional installment for work done outside available time while non-ordinary workers don't get an extra time pay. Pay examination is something else that is remembered for the reasonable and evenhanded pay for representatives. This ought to be done through yearly execution audit to direct whether a specific representative ought to be viewed as an advantage that legitimately has the right to be remunerated. Advantages, beside pay evaluation ought to be conceded for customary workers, for example, disaster protection, mishap protection, adaptable spending accounts, subordinate consideration help, wiped out leaves, get-away leaves, deprivation leaves and so forth, contingent upon the organization (Compensation and Benefits Policy, n.d.). Then again, as reasonable and evenhanded remuneration secures the privileges of representatives, it additionally gives rules of employers’ rights to be repaid fairly, however not financially yet through a proportion of administration and trustworth iness. Some of which would be the option to interest for the concurred administrations anticipated from a worker at a specific time extend every day, to call employee’s consideration and push them to perform under their position. Another is request and simultaneously rebuff a worker through removal or excusal for defiance to complete work directions and friends rules, failure to show great conduct in the work environment, irregularity, absence of faithfulness and uprightness, exposure of private archives, robbery of organization property and so forth (Employee and Employer Rights | Most Recent Publications, n.d.). Without a doubt, the two gatherings have the right to have rights that are

Find out whether or not congestion zones are a good idea

Are Congestion Zones A Good Idea? In this report I will see if or not blockage zones are a smart thought, utilizing inquired about information, diagrams and tables to back up my thoughts. The finish of this issue depends on how precise and solid the data is. Blockage Zones are utilized with the expectation that traffic gets decreased. The city hall leader of London has as of late set up clog zones in trusts they will decrease traffic by 15%. Pundits of the plan in any case, say that it is unworkable and out of line. They likewise guarantee it will most likely prompt more clog as individuals attempt to maintain a strategic distance from the charging territories. Focal London has had an emotional cut in rush hour gridlock since the presentation of the blockage charge. 40 000 less individuals are passing through the zone every Some individuals concur with the blockage charge, and can deliver numerous realities to help their view. My source one can likewise give numerous statistical data points. Source one says that since the blockage zone was established, traffic had been cut by 18%, and delays were somewhere near 30% since the clog zone has been purchased in, the benefit of clog zone was clear as the traffic was quickly diminishing after the presentation of blockage zones. In the event that the traffic is diminished, at that point there will be no postponements so not that much contamination discharged in to the air; which prompts atmosphere impacts for instance an Earth-wide temperature boost. The open vehicle in the city has improved significantly by 20%, with 29,000 additional individuals utilizing the administration which will mean considerably more cash towards its improvement. This additionally adds to the insurance of our planet against atmosphere changes which can have social impacts. In the event that more individuals decided to utilize the transport or taxi, at that point this would improve their wellbeing as they would walk and consistently go on discrete vehicles. Source one additionally says that the lanes of London were ‘clogged' and the overwhelming traffic on the streets were costing organizations around i2 million every week. Blockage zones are acceptable in light of the fact that individuals possibly use them on the off chance that they truly have to, the proof to this point is in source 1 when it states â€Å"there are 65,000 less vehicle trips†, thus this implies a cut down on gases being produced into the air. In this way, less contamination. Source 1 likewise expresses that the costs that individuals pay are going towards the earth, new more ecologically well disposed transports. As i50m is contributed for the most part through speedier and progressively solid excursions for street and transport clients. This is additionally a bit of leeway as the cash isn't setting off to the administration yet is utilized to support our vehicle. The news story announces that, Research, surveys and reviews additionally shows that 75% of Londoners upheld the plan ‘because it works'. That factor that it truly encourages us as the entirety of the blockage charge is compassionately added to improving the open vehicle. Source 2 continues saying that there inquire about have demonstrated that there was much desperately road works finished with the assistance of this cash, for example, supplanting old spilling water pipes. On the off chance that blockage zones are lessening traffic by 21 percent and 70,000 vehicles consistently then it should truly work. Then again blockage zones can likewise turn into a disservice. For my subsequent source, I have a paper article from London Evening Standard news to help my point. In this source, Angie Bray satisfies that the pace of traffic rose to 2. 6 and 2. 7 minutes for every kilometer. This is a weakness as though there is a high traffic rate then the will be more contamination caused than vehicles at typical speed. The quantity of vehicles that was entering the blockage zone has quickly expanded from earlier years. The paper unmistakably expresses that â€Å"surely this is the ideal opportunity to begin contemplating an elective method to handle congestion†. Clearly, the clog charge didn't generally turn out to be as the quantity of vehicles has risen. The nearby paper gave me proof that blockage charge was a disappointment as it expresses that previous this month their examination has revealed to them that traffic toward the beginning of the day busy time was running more gradually than before the plan started. Angie Bray talks that the charge has lost its principle defense. Which is genuinely worried as there is no adjustment in atmosphere. Clog charge has a thump on impact on nature and financially. Very few individuals will need to go through the zone except if it's essential, so they would discover other elective approaches to pass the zone causing more blockage in different roots. This impacts the individuals around that region as they live in an air loaded up with bio-items. Along these lines, many would utilize transports to go rather than their own vehicles. This again brings about a disservice of blockage zones as there is more transports equivalents' gigantic measure of contamination made by one transport against 10 vehicles. Blockage charges can influence individuals and furthermore organizations. This is on the grounds that organizations have lost benefits after the clog zones were set. As organizations need stock conveyance which may need to cross the charging territory which trails to additional costs, prompting lower benefits. The laborers may need to cross the blockage zone to go to work each day, bringing about leaving that place of employment. This again influences the organizations to lose their laborers. The proof from source 1 backings my point as it expresses that 68% of retail organizations said the plan would have been exceptional without the charge. Source dependability can have a significant effect, which is the reason I have picked three entirely solid sources. My Source one is a report by BBCNEWS. I feel this makes it entirely dependable. This is on the grounds that the BBC is a notable and confided in association, upheld by the administration. The Source likewise incorporates selective meetings for the BBC by the civic chairman of the time, Ken Livingstone. This report was distributed on the seventeenth February 2004. In spite of the fact that this source is a ton years old, I think it is as yet solid, in light of the fact that the proof is as yet substantial. The Source is exceptionally pertinent to the inquiry, as it gives realities upheld and given by the legislature, yet in addition incorporates assessments of Londoners. The Source additionally has legitimacy, as it tends to all the variables that it cases to. My source 2 is as dependable as source one as it is a report from the neighborhood paper for London perusers. It is notable in London so it is confided in a great deal. This report contains restrictive meetings with Angie Bray. Anyway it was distributed in 22th November 2007 as this implies it are two or three years of age, so it isn't dependable as this information isn't cutting-edge and probably won't be the situation now. My source three holds an extraordinary significance of the unwavering quality as it is dependable. This is on the grounds that raw numbers structure the article is as important and solid. As it originates from a trust commendable paper article. Since the details are from the administration, they will be truly dependable in reality, as they will contain no tattle, bits of gossip or presumptions. Out of the entirety of my Sources; I feel that my Source two is generally solid. This is because old enough, legitimacy, truth, predisposition, creator and the select meetings. This Source shows both positive and negative focuses about the clog charge. The clog charge additionally affects numerous different things, which I can put under Social, Economic and Environmental. The social impacts are that the individuals that will be influenced by this are neighborhood. It will for the most part influence neighborhood, seeing as those in the territory will either need to pay the charge, or they will confront plausible postponements on backup ways to go, because of the quantity of individuals attempting to maintain a strategic distance from the region. They will likewise profit by the cleaner, more secure air in the event that they live around the clog zones. On the off chance that an individual is up to speed in overwhelming rush hour gridlock their excursion times will be problematic, affecting on a wide range of thing, for example, family, work, wellbeing arrangements and so forth. The monetary impacts are that for those that must choose the option to go through the zone it is simply adding to their installments. In addition to the fact that they have bills and street charge, however now they need to pay i8. 00 each time they have to get some place basic, for example, my exploration gives a few organizations are being influenced by things such for example stock conveyance, which currently costs the business more in light of the charge. At last the natural impacts are, clearly contamination has a major influence in the charge. My information shows that the contamination levels inside the zones are diminishing hugely. With harmful nitrogen levels dropping snappier yet at the same time keeping up a typical level, it is by all accounts like the charge is working. With respect to nature, if a vehicle is moving gradually or fixed, it delivers more carbon outflows than if it moves at a typical speed. In this manner, progressively an Earth-wide temperature boost and other environmental change which influence creatures and people. Different gases are discharged like sulfur dioxide, this will cause corrosive downpour and harm the marble and different materials which costs a ton to fix. One of the adverse impacts of the blockage charge is its thump on impact on the more extensive network; with individuals searching for new courses, encompassing zones could get obstructed with clog, and we would have a similar issue once more. To finish up, subsequent to thinking about all the proof for the two sides, I imagine that general clog charges are a smart thought. This shouldn't imply that that it doesn't have its negative focuses however, in light of the fact that it does. The data that most helped me arrive at my choice was the information I found, and my source 1, BBCNEWS report. This is on the grounds that I feel the strength of the individuals will be improving, and you can't generally contend with that. Likewise, the way that the cash is being spent on the open which I believe is a splendid thought. In any case, similar to I have stated, the clog charge doesn't come without its adverse focuses, for example, individuals making good on a ‘double charge' when they must choose between limited options, postponements and blockage being made on backup courses of action because of drivers attempting to maintain a strategic distance from the clog charge zone, and furthermore, the way that a few organizations are enduring is something that I find very inadmissible. So truly, the framework needs some tweaking, however generally speaking th

Metaphor of the Month! Dark Night of The Soul Richmond Writing

Metaphor of the Month! Dark Night of The Soul Richmond Writing With my favorite holiday of Halloween approaching, I figured that we needed a metaphor that captures dread, doubt, and doom. I must be channeling my fellow Richmonder Edgar Allan Poe, who enjoyed alliteration. On to our metaphor. Poes masterpiece The Raven is all about a long, dark night when the narrator faces a sombre truth: Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token. . . If you know the poem, then you know what the narrator discovers about his lost Lenore. If not, get over to the Poetry Foundations site and read it, posthaste. But where did our figure of speech, captured so well in Poes verse, originate? The OED Online has an entry about the word dark that includes a reference to St. John of the Cross, who believed in a noche oscura that one must endure to come back into the light of faith. It is a moment of aridity that a mystic endures, quoth the OED, not the Raven. Over time, the Spanish Saints metaphor grew in scope to become any deep enough existential crisis that rocks us to our cores. The Dark Night destroys our optimism forever or we come out wiser and sadder. Only that, and nothing more. Academic uses can be literary (of course), political, or spiritual. Historians will speak of a Dark Night of the Soul for people making terrible decisions: despite his many quoted remarks about the strategic necessity of the A-bombings, I dont know that Harry Truman ever got over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.   It would speak poorly of him if he did ever brush it off lightly. My first brush with the idea of our metaphor happened in an undergraduate English class. Suddenly there came a phrase for the culminating moment in many a text, such as Huck Finns decision to go to hell to save his friend Jim; since strong texts often develop out of dramatic tensions in their plots or characters, many feature one or more Dark Nights of the Soul. Existentialist works could not really work with them. I found more than a few literary uses of the term, thanks to a quick Google and Wikipedia search. My favorites? F. Scott Fitzgerald noted, in The Crack Up, that In a real dark night of the soul it is always three oclock in the morning. Fitzgerald himself struggled with alcoholism and the madness of his wife Zelda. He knew his topic well, as have many other artists. See you on the other side of Halloween. Good luck. Please nominate a word (or metaphor!) useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month here and Words of the Week  here. Image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons

Climate Change Environmental Agencies Essay - 2237 Words

Issue one: climate change Environmental agencies focus on fossil fuels as the big bad baddy of greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming, suggesting alternative energy, carpooling, hybrid cars, and biking, but animal agriculture accounts for more carbon dioxide per year than all transportation methods combined. A conservative 2006 study by the United Nations food and agricultural study placed animal agriculture at 7,516 million tons per year or 18% of annual global green house gas emissions with a far more thorough 2009 WorldWatch Institute study taking into account overlooked livestock respiration, land use, methane and other oversights of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations with the ultimate outcome of at least 32,564 million tons of carbon dioxide per year coming from animal agriculture. That’s 51 percent of all global emissions compared to the 13 percent of all combined transportation. And what do the environmental agencies point to? Reducing fossil fuel usage. If we completely stopped all use of gas, oil, fuel, electricity et cetera, and never used them ever again, we would still exceed our carbon equivalent greenhouse gas emissions of 565 gigatons by the year 2030 just with the impact of livestock alone. [10][11] So not using fossil fuels at all, which would be the wet dream of every environmental agency, we’re still gassing out the planet with the one contributor–the main contributor–which they refuse to even address. In a similarShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Global Climate Change Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment everywhere right this very moment. What is causing the damage? Global climate change contributes a great amount of devastation to the world every day. This is important because the change is affecting humans, animals, plants and just about anything else that is living. As a result of global climate change, regions, ecosystems, and agriculture will be greatly affected. There are many things causing global climate change such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. One may notice thatRead MoreHow Is Managing Climate Change, Changes America s Health1144 Words   |  5 PagesManaging Climate change, Changes America’s Health Fady Estany Tennessee State University What is Climate Change? Climate change is a change of environment patterns. In specific the change was obvious from the mid to late 20th century. The reason of the dramatic change was due to large increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels. We as people can barely or see no change at all. But the truth is that our Earth is warming little by little. Minor changes inRead MoreA Energy Source For The State Of Florida1285 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, Florida’s use of renewable energy production is nearly nonexistent at 1.51% (Florida Public Service Commission 2). Environmental Impact of Energy Finding an energy source that is both environmentally friendly and able to keep up with Florida’s growing energy needs is important for many reasons. These reasons include global warming/climate change, environmental damage, the availability of non-renewable resources, and national security. Global warming The rising world temperatures attributedRead MorePublic Agency Employees Should Remain Neutral And Apolitical During Agency Decision Making And Policy Implementation937 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Climate Change: â€Å"Public agency employees should remain value neutral and apolitical during agency decision making and policy implementation.† As everyone knows global climate change and global warming is a big topic of debate when it comes to public policy nowadays. The question I will be answering that relates to the issue is, â€Å"Public agency employees should remain value neutral and apolitical during agency decision making and policy implementation.† To some people global climate change mayRead MoreHow Does the United Nations Support Environmental Sustainability?865 Words   |  3 Pages(Wikipedia). ‘Ensuring environmental sustainability’, climate change being one of the major factors, is one of the millennium development goals of the UN. The United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, along with many organizations/agencies under the UN, collaboratively work towards achieving this goal. About the Chosen Aspect of Study ‘How does the United Nations support the millennium development goal of promoting environmental sustainability by limiting climate change in South and North AmericaRead MoreThe Paris Climate Agreement1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe world’s nations have already struggled to combat climate change and reduce global emissions. On Thursday, June 1st, 2017 President Trump announce that the United States would officially withdraw from the Paris climate agreement. Following through on his campaign promise, and defying the wishes of other world leaders who pleaded with him to remain a party in the pact. Governing with an American First policy, he said he was carrying out the will of the voters. â€Å"I was elected by the citizens ofRead MoreFederal / National Efforts : Under Congress1225 Words   |  5 PagesFederal/National Efforts Under Congress. Environmental initiatives did not have a fortunate path under congress. In the past 15 years, most of the innovative policies did not pass either the committee or the senate. For example, in October 2003 and again in June 2005, the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act failed to operate. The McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act was a combination of three different acts that require corporations to be part of cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gasesRead MoreProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change1322 Words   |  6 PagesProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change The final research paper generated from the Project Proposal: Effects of Climate Change will discuss the question, what Americans can do to reduce climate change health effects? Various research publications by credible sources advise, global warming climate change has an affect on human health. Climate change and the impact on human health can be connected through direct or indirect variables. The Importance I feel as though if we start at a youngRead MoreShould The Environmental Protection Agency Proceed With The Clean Power?967 Words   |  4 PagesUnion of Concerned Scientists in 2011(Each Countrys Share of CO2 Emissions). The U.S. government needs to make changes by implementing environmentally friendly projects that would reverse the United States damage on the environment. In 2015, there was the Environmental Protection Agency, which created a clean power plan. President Obama announced the plan, an effort to fight climate change. The plan was to target power plants who use fossil fuels for energy. The use of these fossil fuels would emitsRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Human Rights Violations947 Words   |  4 Pagesdefining the environmental issues as human rights violations in legal terms is a complex task. However, in the last decade, petitions and suit cases against climate change issue were gradually filed. In 2006, the first suit case against the Environmental Protection Agency was reached to the U.S Supreme Court (Aminzade, 2006). A petition claimed that climate change through emissions and air pollutants caused harm to public health and welfare. This case grabbed the attention of multiple environmental agencies;

Effective Methods to Reduce the Spread of HIV - 1488 Words

Intervention: Prevention and protection is the most cost effective method to reduce the spread of HIV. In mid-1990s Cambodias prevention efforts have centered generally on encouraging the condom use among men when participating in business sex and swaying men to diminish their business sex activity. In 1999, the Cambodian government launched a 100% condom usage campaign among the brothel sex workers that was modeled from Thailands successful program. Education was one of the best measures employed by the Cambodian government in preventing the HIV transmission. 95% of the Cambodian women know about HIV/AIDS according to the Cambodian Demographic Health Survey 2000 (Department of Planning and Health Information, 2003). This progress was achieved by extensive awareness and education camps throughout the Cambodian provinces. The awareness programs were associated with the government and non-profit organizations. Another effective method for prevention and control is through Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT). In the process of learning individual HIV status, the VCT approach incorporates the pretest and posttest counseling and gives critical prevention measures and messages (Department of Planning and Health Information, 2003). Cambodia is a nation of 13.4 million individuals with 80% of the population living in provincial ranges. In 2007, for every capita GDP item was $597, positioned third least in Asia, and the World Bank assessed that 30% of the overallShow MoreRelatedSpread Of Hiv / Aids1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Spread of HIV/AIDs in Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa has been singled out as having the most serious HIV epidemic in the world. There is need to curb the spread of HIV in the continent by leveraging the knowledge and skills necessary to understand the factors responsible for the spread of the disease. This paper attempts to investigate the risk factors involved in the spread of HIV and how to reduce HIV prevalence regardless of these risks factors. The paper then goes a step further andRead MoreMy Hiv Social Sba 2013 Full Marks1234 Words   |  5 Pagesteachers in my school who advised me on how to do this project and finally GOD who gave me life wisdom and strength to complete this project. TASK 1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM What are the factors that contribute to the spread of HIV? Task 2 REASON FOR SELECTING AREA OF RESEARCH Over the years people in my community, the Diego martin area, has been infected with HIV.Diego Martin is a town in north-western Trinidad justRead MoreGovernment Policies on Hiv/Aids, Prevention and Control969 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the government policies on HIV/AIDS, prevention and control (20mks) Definition of terms Government policies- These are the course of actions or inactions taken by the state with regard to a particular issue. HIV- This is the virus that destroys the human immune system leaving the body defenseless hence vulnerable to other infections. AIDS- The disease presents itself as a collection of signs and symptoms resulting from lowered immunity mostly due to HIV hence referred to as a syndrome. Read MoreThe Epidemic Of The Hiv Virus1747 Words   |  7 PagesStephan Ziccardi Professor Becher ENC 1101 October 24th, 2015 Since the discovery of the HIV virus in 1983, there have been many precautions taken to control and prevent the spreading of this deadly disease. Helen Epstein, who is the author of â€Å"AIDS Inc,† informs her readers about the sexually transmitted disease known as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Epstein enlightens her audience with crucial information in regards to the ruthless disease that is devouring the lives of innocentRead MoreThe Effects Of Hiv And Aids On South Africa1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe history in how HIV and AIDS in South Africa occurred is one of the most controversial of any country. There have been many instances where the disease has spread rapidly across the country due to lack of action and harmful interference, conflict between politicians, HIV and AIDS organisations and scientists. The consequences of a slow and interrupted response are still being felt to this very day. Although some groups of society are more at risk then other s, South Africa HIV and AIDS epidemicRead MoreApplying Public Health Principles For The Hiv Epidemic923 Words   |  4 PagesArticle One: Applying Public Health Principles to the HIV Epidemic In the article â€Å"Applying public health principles to the (HIV) epidemic† I learned that the HIV virus is spread by people who do not know that they are infected. This article argues that it is time to find a comprehensive public health method that will help stopped this epidemic from spreading even more. This article also talks about the ways HV is transmitted and what can we do to protect ourselves from this virus. It took twoRead MoreHiv / Aids : A Devastating Disease1482 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/AIDS is a devastating disease that has predominated in Africa due to the long incubation period of the virus, poverty, sexual promiscuousness, urbanization, trading routes, lack of knowledge, medical advances (use of needles, blood transfusion), and gender inequalities. Although the government denied the existence of HIV/ AIDS for many years, they have begun working towards various solutions such as the ABC (Abstinence, Be faithful, and Condom use) method and United States ini tiatives like PEPFARRead MorePublic Health Problem Of The United States1677 Words   |  7 Pagespublic health problems in the United States today is the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, among the American population. Beginning in the 1980s, the U.S. public health system has been working vigorously to come up with effective methods for preventing the spread of this debilitating virus. HIV has persistently stayed within the human population due to the continual transmission of the disease. Before widespread transmission of HIV, the two most transmissible way of contracting the diseaseRead MoreEssay On The Increase Of Disease Among Drug Users1556 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam H. Turner Technical Arts School Abstract Another method used to reduce the spread of HIV among injecting drug users is through needle exchange programs (NEPs). In these programs, users can either exchange their used needles for an equal number of new, sterile needles or receive new ones without the requirement of an exchange. These programs also offered a variety of other services in addition to syringe exchange, including HIV/AIDS education and counseling, condom distribution, substanceRead MoreHiv Aids And Hiv And Aids1246 Words   |  5 Pages HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus (Avert). It is virus that attacks the immune system, our body’s defense against disease (Avert). Individuals who become infected with HIV will find it harder to fight infections (Avert). HIV is located in semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids, and breast milk (HIV and Aids). The most common method to become infected is through anal or vaginal sex without a condom (HIV and Aids). Other forms of contraction include using infected needles/ syringes, from

Supply Chain Opportunity For An Uncertain Economic Recovery

Supply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery Authors Statement of Purpose Supply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery, by Eric G. Olson, discusses the advantages the supply chain has in a struggling economic recovery, when most other companies are dealing with uncertainty. The authors’ intention contained in this article is to discuss opportunities that businesses have to grow their operations despite coming out of a severe recession. The author identifies to take advantage of these opportunity, companies must be willing to be more flexible and that scalability is much easier to implement coming out of a severe recession. The author provides a design, methodology, and approach to implement these changes, highlighting the scalability and flexibility benefits, mitigation if multiple risks, identification supply chain opportunities. Background America is not the only country that is recovering from an economic recession. The global marketplace is experiencing the same struggles that the recession has brought to countries across the world. Many companies have been impacted in a negative way from the recession, causing them to make some difficult decisions to survive during these turbulent times. When it comes to supply chain management, â€Å"it is remarkable how rapidly many businesses have successfully scaled back their supply chain operations in order to sustain profitability during difficult times† (Article p1) The recession is slowly coming to anShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Opportunity For An Uncertain Economic Recovery1194 Words   |  5 Pages Journal Article 2 Supply Chain Opportunity in an Uncertain Economic Recovery Frank Bentley BUSI 613 February 2, 2013 Authors Purpose: The single most important issue is the author presents a direct understanding concerning current supply chain within today’s corporations during an economic recession. With the need to scale back supply chain operations during the recession, many companies are trying to find ways to revamp their strategies, re-build relationships and gearRead MoreIntegration Between Forward And Reverse Supply Chains1713 Words   |  7 PagesIntegration between Forward and Reverse Supply Chains Another important design issue of reverse supply chain concerns potential synergies between different product flows. While forward supply chains typically act as one-way channels, closed-loop supply chains encompass multiple inbound and outbound material flows crossing each other’s path. In this setting, it is intuitive to consider integration as a potential means for attaining economies of scale. Opportunities may concern transportation and reprocessingRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Apple Inc878 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT SWOT Analysis Strengths Strong Brand Name Innovative Culture Efficient Supply Chain High Customer Loyalty Weaknesses Supply Chain Environmental Problems Supply Chain Human Rights Issues Leadership/Loss of Steve Jobs Opportunities New Breakthrough Product Increase Market Share Maintain/Increase Customer Loyalty Threats Competitive Rivalry Negative Supply Chain Publicity Slow Economic Recovery Analysis Apple Inc. has prided itself on product innovation since the companyRead MoreFIN 370 Week 3 Strategic Inititative Paper Final Draft 1185 Words   |  5 Pages(ExxonMobil, 2015). This essay discusses ExxonMobil’s strategic initiative from the 2013 Summary Annual Report. The following details the company’s initiative, financial planning surrounding that initiative, the effect of cost and revenues on the supply chain, as well as the ethical concerns associated with this idea. Strategic Initiative ExxonMobil is a vertically integrated oil and gas company that’s mission is to â€Å"find safe, efficient, and responsible ways to bring affordable energy to the dynamicRead MoreA Short Note On Supply Chain Network Design1938 Words   |  8 Pagesliterature related to supply chain network design area specified in allocation and distribution problem under risks is presented in this section. There has been a growing interest in supply chain network design criteria which has draw great attention of a number of researchers to propose advanced models and develop efficient methods. Traditionally, procurement, manufacturing, distribution and planning processes are studied individually, however, with risk management in demand and supply side taken intoRead MoreAnalysis of Kudlers Marketing Strategy and Position1021 Words   |  4 Pagesunique niche in premium groceries, it is likely that word of mouth promotion will constitute a vast majority of the companys business. However, othe r promotional materials can also be utilized such as print, radio, online, and other promotional opportunities. Any promotion that Kudler uses should be heavily focused on the target market since the store may not appeal to other market segments that are more price sensitive. Industry Trends The retail food environment can be categorized as either aRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Resilient Business Organization1375 Words   |  6 PagesRomagnoli, 2014). A theoretical model is presented identifying the pertinent features that characterize a resilient business organization. Drawing on the systems theory literature, a business is firstly characterized in terms of its technical, social and economic sub-systems. Secondly, the kinds of disruptions business system might need to guard against are identified according to local, national and global spheres of influence. Thirdly, that resilient business system must attend to the goals of redundancyRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of Greece And Portugal1624 Words   |  7 Pagesof the credibility and reputation of the German banks and the entire OCA. Hence, a country such as Greece, which lacked the regulation and financial supervision, jumped at the opportunity of sharing the same credible status Germany worked hard to maintain. To understand why Greece defaulted, we need to uncover the economic and political reasoning behind its recent history. The first decision to host the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004 burned a â‚ ¬8.4 billion hole in public finances. Facilities andRead MoreThe Invention Of An Invention1685 Words   |  7 Pagesin changing how a product will be marketed. Three, opening a new market. It is a market in which the new product of manufacturing has never been introduced to the consumers. The market could be existing or completely new. Four, a conquest of a new supply of materials. It involves finding a new source or raw materials or half-manufactured good. The source may be existing, or it has to be created first so as to be exploited. Five, carrying out of the new organisation of any industry. It may involveRead More6.0Industry Trends And Agency Issues. 6.1 Industry Trends.1721 Words   |  7 Pagesdemands on the transportation and supply chain sector. Given the fluctuations in a numb er of related Federal policies, it is recognized that transportation communities nationwide are entering an â€Å"unprecedented era of change.† As indicated by the preceding Market Analysis (section 4.0), moving forward, TBT is expected to continue to operate in this highly uncertain business and transportation environment. Therefore, TBT must position itself to approach new opportunities, risks, and challenges with an

Security Incidents and Hackb Case

Questions: 1.What Was the Problem? 2.How and Why It Occurred? Answers: Security Incidents In the present-day information age, the rules of value have changed and moved from the physical to the intangible. In today's inter-connected and always online world, data is the most important thing any organisation can own (Singh, 2015). Data not only serves as a fertile ground to be tilled for competitive advantage, but some data also come with the responsibility of protecting it. For example, if a company handles credit card details of its users, it is the company's responsibility to ensure the protection of such data, both from outsiders and insiders. It follows that data should be the thing that is stolen most often. Indeed, criminals are now after the data of an organisation. Various attackers like novice and skilled programmers, organised crime groups, activists, terrorists, and governments are interested in compromising an organisation for their goals. The world of information security is wide, and there are many nuances to the methods in which information may be compromised . This report looks into two real-life examples of information security incident. The first portion of the report discusses a breach, while the second one discusses an attack. Breach A breach is an inadvertent exposure of confidential information ("Security Breach", n.d.). In a breach, the parties acting to expose the information are insiders of an organisation. However, there is no malicious intent. Still, any data which is once made public can never recover its private status. This report will discuss a breach which happened from September to December 2015. The public data was searched, and one incident was selected for the purpose of this report. Any decent sized business will have access to personal details of many users. Even if the number of users does not run into millions (as we will see the later portion of this report), thousands of users may have given their personal data to the company. Web sites often request details like full name, phone number, postal address, and email address. The companies want to promote their business, and emails are much cheaper and quicker than postal mail. Thus, every company prefers to send electronic newsletters via email. Beyond a small number of recipients, it is often efficient to use software for the purpose of sending mass emails. The software can take care of sending the emails, handling unsubscribe requests, and work error-free. Now, this software can be developed in-house or bought off-the-shelf and then hosted on company's infrastructure, or subscribed to a third-party using Software as a Service (SaaS). The breach which is being discussed in this report concerns retailer WHSmith (England, 2015). WHSmith specialises in selling books, stationery, magazines, newspapers and entertainment products. Like any business worth its salt, it too has a Contact Us page, which understandably asks for personal details and email address also. On 2nd September 2015, the systems of WHSmith began emailing the contents of the Contact Us page to the entire mailing list of the company (Temperton, 2015). 1. Users have faith in the companies with which they are interacting. An online platform for a company with which a person interacts in the offline world also is often trustworthy. What happened in the case study being discussed, is that instead of routing the contents of the Contact Us page to the company officials, it was being routed instantly to the entire mailing list of the enterprise. The Contact Us form had fields for personal information. Now, the problem was that the form had been by the user under the impression that it will be visible to the eyes of the company officials only. Thus, the user's wording and tone of language may have been biased by that. Secondly, in addition to the message, the personal contact details were broadcast to all the subscribers. Not only was this a breach of privileged information, but also annoying. Twitter was lit up with the discussions of this data breach with a hashtag created to tag the tweets- #whsmithfail (Day, 2015) . 2. WHSmith contracts its email services to a third-party company I-subscribe. The company provides forms which are then embedded into the web pages. The data submitted via the form goes to I-subscribe, which then handles it on behalf of their customer, in this case, WHSmith. What was happening was that the software code at I-subscribe responsible for routing the email messages had a bug, which wrongly routed the Contact Us form submissions. To be clear, a software bug is the mistake of the developer or the company creating the software. As soon as WHSmith was made aware of the issue, they contacted their contractor I-subscribe, and the latter took down the form and started working on fixing the bug. The exact details of why the software bug was present and what conditions triggered it are neither in public domain (as their software is proprietary) nor relevant to the discussion at hand. We know that a software bug caused this data breach. Possible Solutions for Preventing the Breach in Future As far as the retailer WHSmith is concerned, the authors of this paper find it clean. They, after all, hired another company to manage its subscription and forms services, and the contracted company, I-subscribe business function is managing email subscriptions. Thus, we have suggestions for both the client as well as the contractor. The client should get a written Service Level Agreement (SLA) and responsibility in case of a data breach. The contractor should test their software before using it on production servers with live client data. Hack A hack is deliberate attempt to compromise a computer system ("hack", n.d.), and is characterised by malicious intent. The acting parties in a hack are outsiders. The goals of attackers in a hacking attack range from entertainment to undermining the interests of an enemy or nation or opposition organisation (Spivak, 2012). Thus, hacking is performed not only by criminals, programmers, and activists but also nation states using Internet and information systems as a new platform of war against enemy nations. For this report, public information on hacks between 2012 to 2016 was researched, and one was chosen for elaboration. Social networking on the World Wide Web (WWW) is a big business (Tran, 2016). The attack being discussed in this report is a professional social networking site - LinkedIn. LinkedIn is a network where anyone with an email address can join, create his public facing rsum, become friends with other profiles on the site. Additional tools include sending private messages, posting articles using LinkedIn's publishing tools, and other standard facilities which users have come to expect from any social networking site. LinkedIn is a big company, and users who join this site expect their privacy and the data to be protected. In 2012, attackers invaded LinkedIn's systems and stole login credentials (email and password) about 6.5 million users (Schroeder, 2012). Problem Users trust public companies like LinkedIn with their data. Email addresses of active users is a prize in the email spam business, and leaked databases are one of the best sources (Hoffman, 2014). Also, most business owners would like to pry on the online activities of their employees (Ballman, 2013) (Gee, 2017). Thus, professional networking and job search sites have an extra responsibility to keep the data of their users secure. As an illustration, policies of some companies may forbid employees from looking for a new job till they are working in that company. Such a user may begin his search in a private mode. The attack which is being discussed in this report was done by criminals for financial gains (Association, 2016). However, the possibility has been proven that such data is not secure. The problem is that some people were able to overrun all the security procedures of LinkedIn and get away with private data. Later on, in 2016, it turned out that the 2012 revelation was tip o f the iceberg. Within the same attack about 100 million users' details were stolen (Association, 2016), thus raising the total count to about 117 million users (Griffin, 2016). Affected by the Hack and How In this attack, users of LinkedIn who were in the pool of the around 6.5 million database records stolen were affected. The data stolen was put on sale in the black market on the Internet (Rogers, 2016). Now, the aftermath of the attack could have left the millions of users exposed, not only by the criminals but potentially also by prying employers. Nothing would have been off the table since the data was out on the Internet. However, in a professional handling of the incident, LinkedIn came forward and publicly accepted the attack (Silveira, 2012), provided live updates on the Twitter feed, published best-practices articles. Most importantly, LinkedIn promptly deactivated the passwords of all the users whose data was stolen. Follow-up emails were sent to the affected users alerting and advising them on next steps. The act of deactivating the passwords was a prudent one. It significantly reduced the value of the loot for the criminals. They still have access to emails of the people, but still, they cannot access the LinkedIn accounts per se. Some industry experts believe that the haul of the valid email addresses of working professionals may be grabbed by the spam industry (Rogers, 2016). They believe so since the price of the data set is relatively lower. In any case, successful sale of such data will only encourage the attackers to carry on their activities (Zilberman, 2017) (Westervelt, 2014). Attack Carried Out The details of this attack are incomplete. The true picture has not emerged more so since two nations - America and Russia - are in a tug-of-war about the alleged hacker. Still, the public records indicate that the hacker sends a malware to a company employee's computer. Later on, that malware was used to crawl the network and gain deeper access to LinkedIn's systems and finally to the database (RadioLiberty, 2016). Showing responsibility, LinkedIn reset the passwords for the 100 million newly surfaced accounts as soon as it got this new information (Reuters, 2016). Measures Which Can Prevent Such Attacks From what information is available, it appears that the launching pad for this attack was malware. How the hacker was able to install the malware on a computer of the company is not known. It could be a deceptive email, some random website which a LinkedIn employee visited, or any other of the many ways possible to infect any computer connected to the Internet. Also, that malware had the capability to bypass internal security checkpoints, as well send data back to the hacker. Considering these points, it is recommended that stricter rules be put in place to kill any malware suspected incoming data. This malware could be via email, infected web page, or even a flash drive (also known as a pen drive or USB drive). Also, no outside storage media should be allowed in the office premises. Also, firewalls should be updated so as to track outgoing data also. A review of the internal security of an organisation's network is recommended so that any malware is identified. Intrusion Detection S ystem (IDS) and anomaly detection techniques may be helpful in this regard. Conclusion This report looked into publicly available data on breaches and hacks. A data breach concerning the heads of states, and an attack stealing the email addresses and passwords of a popular social networking site were discussed. While the data breach was a case of human error and negligence, the attack was an example of fine programming skill put to illegal use. For both the case studies, the report explored the problem, the affected parties, ways by which the incident happened, and recommendations for preventing such incidents in future. References Association, P. (2016). Hacker advertises details of 117 million LinkedIn users on darknet. The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/may/18/hacker-advertises-details-of-117-million-linkedin-users-on-darknet Ballman, D. (2013). 10 New (And Legal) Ways Your Employer Is Spying On You. AOL.com. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.aol.com/article/2013/09/29/new-ways-employer-spy/20699464/ Council, B. (2016). Brisbane's 2014 G20 Leaders' Summit | Brisbane City Council. Brisbane.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 31 March 2017, from https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/governance-strategy/economic-development/brisbanes-2014-g20-leaders-summit Farrell, P. (2015). Personal details of world leaders accidentally revealed by G20 organisers. The Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/30/personal-details-of-world-leaders-accidentally-revealed-by-g20-organisers Gee, K. (2017). The Not-So-Creepy Reason More Bosses Are Tracking Employees. WSJ. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-not-so-creepy-reason-more-bosses-are-tracking-employees-1490101200 Griffin, A. (2016). Hacker advertises details of 117 million LinkedIn users on darknet. The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/may/18/hacker-advertises-details-of-117-million-linkedin-users-on-darknet hack. Dictionary.com. Retrieved from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hack Hoffman, C. (2014). How Do Spammers Get Your Email Address?. Howtogeek.com. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.howtogeek.com/180477/htg-explains-how-do-spammers-get-your-email-address/ Day, K. (2015). Ke Day on Twitter. Twitter.com. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://twitter.com/KenDay/status/638999331350151168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfwref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwhsmith-customer-emails-data-privacy-2015-9 England, L. (2015). People are freaking out because WHSmith is accidentally emailing customer contact details to other customers. Business Insider. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.in/People-are-freaking-out-because-WHSmith-is-accidentally-emailing-customer-contact-details-to-other-customers/articleshow/48772997.cms RadioLiberty, R. (2016). U.S. Charges Russian Hacker With Stealing LinkedIn Data. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.rferl.org/a/us-charges-russian-hacker-nikulin-stealing-date-linkedin-san-francisco-dropbox-formspring-/28068596.html Reuters, T. (2016). LinkedIn to wipe out passwords for 100 million hacked accounts - Business Insurance. Business Insurance. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20160518/NEWS06/160519773/LinkedIn-data-breach-hack-2012-100-million-accounts-passwords Rogers, J. (2016). Hacker looks to sell 117M LinkedIn passwords from 2012 data breach. Fox News. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.foxnews.com/tech/2016/05/19/hacker-looks-to-sell-117m-linkedin-passwords-from-2012-data-breach.html Schroeder, S. (2012). 6.5 Million Encrypted LinkedIn Passwords Leaked Online [REPORT]. Mashable. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://mashable.com/2012/06/06/6-5-million-linkedin-passwords/#0qSP.pTP0GqT Security Breach. Techopedia. Retrieved from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/29060/security-breach Silveira, V. (2012). An Update on LinkedIn Member Passwords Compromised. Blog.linkedin.com. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://blog.linkedin.com/2012/06/06/linkedin-member-passwords-compromised Singh, A. (2015). Is Big Data the New Black Gold?. WIRED. Retrieved 31 March 2017, from https://www.wired.com/insights/2013/02/is-big-data-the-new-black-gold/ Spivak, W. (2012). Hacking (1st ed., p. 13). Lulu.com. Temperton, J. (2015). WHSmith data breach spams confidential customer details. WIRED UK. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/whsmith-data-breach-customer-emails Tran, T. (2016). What is the valuation of a social network company?. Quora. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-valuation-of-a-social-network-company/answer/Tony-Tran-75 Westervelt, R. (2014). What Is That Stolen Data Worth? 11 Most Lucrative Hacking Targets, Services. CRN. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://www.crn.com/slide-shows/security/300075162/what-is-that-stolen-data-worth-11-most-lucrative-hacking-targets-services.htm Zilberman, B. (2017). How Lucrative is Confidential Data? Prime Bounty for Hackers, Top Concern for Businesses. Radware Blog. Retrieved 1 April 2017, from https://blog.radware.com/security/2017/01/lucrative-confidential-data/